> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.keeta.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.keeta.com/industry-comparison/keeta-vs.-ethereum.md).

# Keeta vs. Ethereum

One of Keeta's key innovations is its built-in rule engine and tokenization system, eliminating the need for external smart contracts. While Ethereum has led in decentralized applications and smart contracts, it faces significant scalability challenges. To increase transaction throughput, Ethereum relies on layer-2 solutions like rollups, which introduce complexities and costs. These rollups batch transactions and later verify them on the main blockchain but have drawbacks like delayed finality and dependence on centralized sequencers, raising the risk of single points of failure.

Keeta avoids these issues by integrating scalability directly into its core architecture. Using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure—a system that allows for multiple simultaneous transaction pathways—it achieves high throughput and near-instantaneous transaction validation without additional layers. Keeta's built-in mechanisms cover most of the use cases, rendering general-purpose smart contracts unnecessary.

Functionalities such as data access and identity management, often implemented through smart contracts on other platforms, are inherently built into Keeta. This ensures users can perform transactions and access services at minimal cost, regardless of network demand. The platform becomes more accessible to regulated institutions and everyday users, offering a smoother and more predictable experience compared to Ethereum, which continues to struggle with high fees despite multiple upgrades.

In essence, while Ethereum is a well-established platform with a vast ecosystem, its reliance on general-purpose smart contracts introduces complexity and inefficiency. Keeta offers superior scalability and cost efficiency by providing built-in solutions tailored to specific needs without the overhead of smart contracts. This makes it a more attractive option for financial institutions and developers seeking a future-proof solution.

<table data-full-width="true"><thead><tr><th>KEETA</th><th>ETHEREUM</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>10,000,000 TPS</td><td>120 TPS</td></tr><tr><td>400 MS settlement times</td><td>12,000 MS settlement times</td></tr><tr><td>≈ $0.00005 transaction fee</td><td>≈ $3.46 transaction fee</td></tr><tr><td>Delegated Proof-of-Stake</td><td>Proof-of-Stake</td></tr><tr><td>Built-in rules engine</td><td>Custom Smart Contract Logic Required</td></tr></tbody></table>


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